It's his turn now and then me again . . . . 2 BEAVER Jannary 29th, 1969 Recent incidents at Colchester (a country town in the Weimar Republic). Market Day in these backwoods. The town is full of red faced farmers and tweedy housewives. Down High Street, carrying a traffic jam with them, appear thirty or forty Essex University students holding up banners and handing out leaflets. They are demonstrating about police arrests, two days earlier, of some other student marchers, for * obstruction The students parade by, arm-in-arm and chanting the usual things. All very routine and peaceable. It's the public who make this event remarkable. Crowd reaction is entirely hostile. Workmen shake their fists and swear at the students. Shop girls in white coats scream and shout from the top floor windows of a store. A Soames type indignantly refuses to take a leaflet. Country women with St. Michael's bags grin stupidly to each other and make sneering remarks about the students' hair and clothes. " Why don't you go and do some work ? " says a man in overalls to two students trying to give away leaflets. "Do you know what I've done this morning ? I've shifted four tons of spuds. What the hell have you done ? " One student—weedy and sincere looking—^says nervously. " I've been doing economics," he stammers rather pathetically. " Economics! If this is where you get with it, you can all go to helL Keep your bloody leaflets. You're all a f - - - -lot of layabouts." "Don't worry, my son," threaten the man's mate, ''it's not so long now before we make you do some work." This one punches the student on the shoulder and walks away. Other men stay, beUowing strident comments at the students. All the men are extremely angry. There is no questioning this kind of sincerity either. The students are white faced. They suddenly seem fragile, alone in a great sea of bias. Lack of communication is total. I feel fear in my stomach. This nasty mindless intensity, together with friend Powell's beliefs, is tailor made for fascism in Britain. There were enough ingredients that day—jealousy, commitment, to the bourgeois capitalist Mecca Odeon Bingo, fear of change, and above all hatred of minority or unconventional views—to bake a very ponsonous cake. Peter Inch. SHAME SHAME FU . . SHAME FULL 1 BLOOMSBURY contains families with 5 or 6 children sharlii«, 2 basement rooms . . . paper peeling off the walls because of the damp. An outside wartime air-raid belter serving as a bathroom one bath to every 20 families. LSE IS ONE LINK IN A CHAIN THAT LEADS TO THE ULTIMATE FREEDOM ALL!! This is Blooms bury. It's 1969, and it's only twenty minutes walk from LSE. Remember these pictures? They were taken two years ago, and nothing's changed. At that time LSE Youth Council launched a drive to attract people who were interested in improving and understanding the situation. Since then we have been involved with problems in Vietnam, Rhodesia, South Africa and Biafra, and we've tended to forget the more easily accessible, if lesser problems some twenty minutes from LSE. So what do we do? At the time of the previous article, Youth Council got a number of people interested, but numbers soon dwindled because of a lack of actual work projects. Since then we have developed the organisation. Recently we have begun decorating youth club in the area — which at present is seen as a base for operations. We are also at present trying to cope with the setting up of a pre-school play group, the need for which is evident and the demand very pressing. Old people are the other main problem with which we have been dealing — people who can only recount their past experiences to peeling wallpaper on cold walls. We don't need "good" people. We need ideas, interest, initiative, and practical help to speed up the work in this area. Can you help? Develop our plans, change them, destroy them. Do something. Youth Council is holding a meeting on Monday 4th February, time and place to be announced. Steve Woodhouse & Steve Dixon ' f J: No, it's not the LSE—Any education you need you can pick up on the streets—out with the boys. January 29th, 1969 BEAVER 3 EVIL! The new Polanski film Rosemary's Baby is very difticult to appraise. It is more an emotional experience than a film one can immediately label as a piece of cinematographic art. Perhaps this is art, for Beethoven is surely a sensual projector. Unlike Beethoven the film on reflection seems not so satisfying although its content grips one from beginning to end. A second viewing could well make one fully accept the picce as at first one is overwhelmed by the tenseness maintained relentlessly by brilliant direction, for this kind of film which until Hour of the Wolf was more a field for technical competence than brilliant originality. Horror is for Polanski however a different device than for Bergman. He examines relationships, modern pragmatism and the latent self more than the individual psyche. Mia Farrow acts beautifully in the role, so .suited to her frail appearance, of the victim of the forces of evil the terror of which is more potent due to the contemporary setting. She dominates the film and John Cassavetes is as much an influence on the technique as in his acting role. The influence of Faces is very powerful but aspects of Whatever Happened to Baby Jane are also present. Polanski has always pri- marily explored relationships with Pinteresque overtones, as in Cul-de-Sac, and here examines modern man's dismissal of the occult in terms of one womans experience. It reflects the series of plays that arose three or so years back exploring mans helplessness once accepted as mad by society. In this case how pragmatic realism dismisses the dark world and ignores those who claim its existence. He shows how this refusal to listen can aid the agents of evil. As well as this obvious interpretation the picture can be seen as a rejection of the new society's ability to explain everything away with psycho-analysis and pills ignoring at its peril the irrational part of the mind. In a way it is a religious warning but undoubtedly sparked by the current wave of interest in mystic cults, Eastern religions, drug experimentation, etc. The Devil is unequivocably treated as evil and his manifestations in present cultures (success for example) to the detriment of man's affinity with the pulse of nature (here the failure of the husband to recognise the value of fatherhood) is spelt out plainly. The mother's love for the child begat of her union with the Devil eventually overcomes her sense of revulsion but whether this love overcomes the forces of evil is not ans- wered but the impression left is pessimistic. Perhaps Polanski is restating the old C^hristian belief that procreation was an act of sin itself, though more likely that evil can utilise our best emotions, making us innocent partners. If such we be and we are unwittingly used then the film is pessimistic indeed. Some may choose to see the whole thing as a vicious parody on nKxlern life. How the children arc corrupted before birth by their parents' (usually fathers') decisions. How the success hunter corrupts his child and the mothers role forcing her to love whatever is created her primeval urges overcoming her civilised scruples. At whichever level one chooses to take it the film is well worth seeing if only for the marvellous acting, directing, camera work and music. As a book one can imagine it as straight horror with all our sexual dream hang-ups in it but the standard of the film makes one see new meanings (broaching the problem have we missed much of significance in horror stories or do we now search desperately for meanings not consciously put within a piece—though perhaps when tales of evil are related the symbolic truth is missed by the medium of its transmission). P.S.......the cut is one more example of how ludicrous the censor is, the section was so innocuous and relevant that I'm still registering disbelief. IN THE THEATRE The long awaited performance of Lord Robbins was presented at the Old Theatre, at the LSE in the Aldwych on Friday 17th. A large star studded audience filled the stalls and balcony awaiting with expectant hush the entrance of the majesterial figure and was abuzz with chattcr. Alas, the performance, though entertaining, lacked any real meat despite the audiences attempts to inject atmosphere. An amusing flow of anecdotes flowed but the prcxluction seemed to miss all the inherent drama of the situation and even allowed the symbolic dialogue about gates to sound mediocrc. Most honours went to the young South African actor, Paddlesteiner, whose ability to sound dramatic in the Shakespearean manner has been well shown in the past. The result of constant practice and intense competition. Nonetheless the finale was snatched by a newcomer to the LSE company's stage who sensed the mood required and fulfilled all our wildest dreams. With Brechtian cunning he twisted the whole emphasis back to the early reference to gates and forced the supposed star to wane and fall. Overall the evening proved once again the force of the new-wave of authors and confirmed that most talent is as yet well hidden but appears when needed most. Unfortunately the validity of the Adams school of writing was painfully pushed home, the characters being lifeless and the script so full of misconceptions and faults that only the browser could defend its right to continue as the honoured form in the minds of the directors of the theatre. It would be refreshing to see Adams adopt the more meaningful approach with which he could sweep the cobwebs out of theatreland, particularly reflected in 'The Court' and the heavy reliance of our young writers on American techniques for creating atmosphere. Welcome to the rat race We don't know why the rat has become the pejorative symbol of the human condition. Everything struggles for survival; why single one out? Forget the headline-Albright & Wilson say 'Welcome to the human race'. Now you're about to become a fully paid up member-may we tell you why you'd be happy with us. First we offer interesting work. This is important. No one achieves anything unless they're interested. We offer scope for progress—in responsibility and pay—within our organisation. We offer financial rewards; the opportunity to work -in many parts of Britain, and the world; the chance to become professional in your skill and to keep up < with new knowledge and techniques in your field. We are in the expanding field of chemicals, suppliers to hundreds of industries—on a world-wide basis—of essential materials in intermediate or finished form. We need chemists for Research and Development, and for Marketing and Production, but we need other graduates, too. There are career opportunities for Marketing Men, Chemical Engineers, Computer Programmers, Production Managers, Works Engineers, Accountants and Economists. Would you find our challenging atmosphere a stimulus? Please fill in the coupon and send it to * Mr. F. B. Hunt, Staff Officer WILSiOK 1 Knightsbridge Green, London, S.W.I ..Av, I am interested in the following type of work Please send me information and initial application form \A.ME ADDRESS ' University/ , / College BEAVER GREEK REPORT (STUDENT TRIALS) Report of the vds-reprcsentative on the trial of sixteen members of the student resistance organization "RIGAS FERRAIOS". Sincc the coup on 21st April, 1967, a wave of political trials has swept Greece. The Junta regime is attempting to suppress all opposition by meting out extraordinarily hard punishments, and the military tribunals are sitting almost continuously. Again and agam Greek students are also to be found standing in the dock — little wonder, for they are taking an increasing part in anti-fascist resistance. The German National Union of Students (vds) sent an observer to one of these trials, in which proceedings were taking place against 16 members of the student resistance organization 'Rigas Ferraios", and his report is reproduced below. The trial before the special military court in Athens began on 20.11.1968 and ended on 23.11.68, towards" midnight. Apart from the vds representative and occasionally present journalists, only the lawyer, Nicole Dreyfus, representing the Association Internationale des Juristes Democrates, took part in the proceedings as an observer. 1. The indictment The indictment against a total of 25 members of the above named organization ¦ proceedings were taken only against the 16 whom the security police had so far been able to take into custody — concerned violation of the emergency law 509/1947 Art. 2, in conjunction with violation of f,3 and/or ^5 of the military order No. 1 of 21st April, 1967, committed in the period 25.12.1967 to May 1968. In particular, the defendants were accused of having founded an "illegal, unpatriotic, communist organization" called "Pan-Hellenic anti-dictatorial student organization "Rigas Ferraios" on the direction of the Greek Communist Party" and with the aim of "overthrowing the state system and the ruling social order by violent means". Towards achieving this aim the defendants were said to have: (a) put up a banner on the wall of the Faculty of Law, (b) set up a machine to reproduce revolutionary slogans in the courtyard of the Faculty of Philosophy and (c) distributed in every possible way (handing out, sticking on walls, putting into letter boxes, scattering on the streets, sending in the post) in unlimited numbers and to an im-determined number of people printed material of all kinds (proclamations, information sheets, appeals, hand-outs). They were said to have produced this material themselves and personally to have produced a large number of copies in various ways, especially Nos. 1 and 2 of the magazine "Thourios". (N.B. "Thourios" is the title of a freedom anthem by the Greek freedom hero and poet of the Turkish era Rigas Ferraios). Let it here be noted that the accusation, that these publications were aimed at overthrowing the state system and the ruling social order, no longer proves justifiable in legal terms if one makes a close study of all previously published number of the magazine "Thourios" by the organization "Rigas Ferraios". "Thourios" was primarily concerned with faults in the Greek system of education and universities after the coup of 21st April, 1967 — thus with the repeal of the educational reform of Papandreou's government, the dismissal of 56 university teachers for political reasons, the intrc^uction of certificates of acceptability issued by the security police and necessary for admittance to study, the suppression of student syndicates, etc. The only general political demand made in "Thourios" is for the overthrow of the dictatorship and the restoration of democracy in Greece. These two demands also featured on the above mentioned banner and tape-recorder. 2. Type and constitution of the court. This trial, as have all others since the coup, took place before a military court. The president of the court was a civil judge seconded to the military for the duration of the trials (the same applied to the prosecuting counsel), the four other members of the bench were military oflicers. 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PROCTER & GAMBLE NEWCASTLE UPON TYNE ' Makers of Camay, Daz, Oreft, Fairy Household Soap^ Fairy Liquid. Fairy Snow, Fairy Toilet Soap, Flash* Oxydol, Tide, and allted products. cedures before the military court are public, but this is not so in practice: a permit signed by the president of the court is necessary for everyone who wishes to attend the case, journalists and foreign observers need the additional signature of the press and information head, Stanatopoulos. As far as 1 could judge, only close relatives of the defendants were admitted to the trial apart from the second groups of persons mentioned. 3. VVittncsses for the pro.secution As witnesses for the prosecution in the case (in which finally 14 of the defendants were sentenced to a total of 181 years' imprisonment) appeared only the two security policemen, Karapanayotis and Gournias, who had carried out the investigations; the evidence of the latter was based almost exclusively on information from agents and police informers whom he would not name (as this is not permissible under the Greek code of criminal procedure, the defending counsel made an appeal for this evidence, to be discounted, which was, however, rejected by the court). During the evidence of witness Karapanayotis (head of the student department of the Athens security police; his name appears in all reports concerning the use of torture under the Greek military regime, e.g. in the report of Amnesty International) the defendants Athanssiou and Kiaos jumped up and accused him of personally having taken part in torture administered to them whilst they were being questioned. As a visible sign of one of the tortures sutlered, defendant Kiaos displayed his hands which carried burn scars. He stated that burning cigarettes had been stubbed out on the backs of his hands. Furthermore, he reported that he had been suspended for hours in handcuffs; there were also visible signs of this. The two defending counsel told me about further tortures (expressly they forbade for understandable reasons that their names should appear anywhere in print). (a) In the washroom of the roof of the building of the Athens security police in Bouboulina Street: the so-called "Falanga" (Beating the naked soles of the feet with clubs), water-drop torture; (b) in the military camp Dionysos: electric shocks, run-ing the gauntlet of canes naked in the camp, mock execution (in the case of defendant Klavdianos), release of wolf-hounds into the completely blacked-out cells (the dogs were wearing muzzles, which the victims only noticed after some time, however). The defendant Aphrodite Liappa during the period of her being questioned was first locked in a cell with ^veral prostitutes and terrorised by them in every way imaginable; subsequently she was kept in strict solitary confinement for weeks on end, finally suffering a nervous breakdown and attempting to commit suicide by opening her arteries with pieces of broken mirror. In answer to the accusations of torture, the prosecuting counsel asserted that these were typically communist slanders; the wounds of the defendants had been self-inflicted. The president of the court directed to the defendants the question, why they had not previously lodged a complaint about the tortures and, moreover, why they had not recanted the evidence they had given to the police at the time of the hearing before the enquiry judge. This question can be treated with a healthy portion of cynicism, for the defendants had to reckon continuously with a reptition of the torture, even after the hearing before the enquiry judge (defendant Afanassiou was brought to questioning and tortured a total of five limes). 4. The general course of the trial The handling of the proceedings in the main trial was with a few exceptions extremely correct. It was obyiotisly intended that the court should not lay itself open to criticism in any formal respect, but create the impression of complete legality (only twice were the defendants interrupted during their speeches, the one because of the length of his speech, the other because in the eyes of the bench he was "politicizing"). This could not hide the fact that on the one hand the legal basis of the whole procedure was more than questionable, and that on the other hand that the defendants had had as good as no opportunity to make appropriate preparations for the proceedings (a look into the documents of the trial, punctual availability of the written indictment, etc.). Moreover, more emphasis was laid throughout the proceedings on the political attitude of the defendants than on tangible crimes, on the basis of which an application of emergency law 509 could be justified. The behaviour of the accused was astonishing (especially considering the torture they suffered). With one exception, they refused the 'declaration of repentance' the court wished from them and which usually has a considerable effect in reducing sentences. Consequently the sentences were: 21 years' imprisonment each for law students A. Athana.ssiou (24), and N. Jannadakis (22), the degree mathematician N. Kiaos (25) and P. Klavdianos (22), a student of the business college — they were described as ringleaders by the court — terms of imprisonment between six and sixteen years for the others. Two defendants were acquitted. SPECIAL ARTICLE FOR STUDENT MIRROR. _January 29th, 1969 CHILDREN SHOPS The "anti - authoritarian children shops" (kindergartens), which are run primarily by students of the Berlin extra - parliamentary opposition (APO), have received financial support from the Berlin Senate. Korber, the Senator for Family, Youth and Sport, will present the institution, which he regards as "a model for family organization", with 80,000 DM. The support is given unconditionally and the Senator has expressed the hope pedagogic experience and experience in bringing up children will be gathered in the "children shops" affecting the structure and management of all kindergartens in Berlin. The first "children shops" were established in the summer of 1968 being the basis of an attempt to find new ways of bringing up children. The central council were particularly anxious to avoid the error of conventional education which is a major contributor to the sickness of West German society: education by means of authoritarian pressure and repression. Empty business premises and back rooms were taken over and fitted out by the organisers and APO members' children, rather than having a programming of the nervous system in the acquirement of the ability to perform roles conforming to group requirements the process of learning will be as free as possible from the influence of parents. Educational norms inherited from bourgeois family life are deeply questioned and above all the parents hope to avoid transferring their own marital conflicts (or conflicts in relationships) to their children. Student Mirror/ Frankfurter Rundschau "Nothiyig is icorth my life, not all the goods They say the well built city of Ilium contains . . . A man can capture steers and fatted sheep But once gone, the soul cannot be captured back." from the ILIAD. FREEDOM BOOKSHOP 84a Whitechapel High St. E.1. Anarchy 2/- monthly Freedom 6d. weekly U.S.A. Are you interested In North America ! loin University Students Abroad International House 40 Shaftesbury Avenue London W.l Tel. 01-437-5374 BEAVER 5 NO VICTIMISATION! COUNTER REFORMATION i terror; The threat to orthodoxy posed in the occupation of the temple in October, 1968 forced the preservers of order and tradition to begin their counter-offensive to prevent the whittling away of their powers. Despite the attempts by " moderates " to secure the abolition of abuses within the old church they tended to ignore the fundamental arguments within the protestants criticisms. The forces of reaction benefited from the moderates InabiHty to conceive of any order other than that they had known for many years and thus, under the politically cunning pope, an Inquisition was set up under Walter ' Carafa' Adams. This move was preceded by a reformulation of doctrinal obligations and teachings to clergy and flocks, adopting a very orthodox line in an attempt to stamp out the differences of interpretation that had been common. The need for protecting the church lands led to more power being concentrated in the Curia and their executive, the Inquisitor-General. He reigned supreme issuing terrible " warnings" and threats regarding " sinners", the most terrifying utterances being directed to those of the priesthood who dared contemplate " blasphemous " writings which were placed on an " Index Librorum Prohibitorum ". Occasionally the Curia considered abuses but as time went on they identified their survival with the preservation of the whole catholic order. The apologists for system lacked the strength of argu- ment of their opponents concerning themselves mainly with a mere repetition of dogma though gradually asserting their own beliefs. They faced a partly divided protestant camp.. The split being between those who firmly believed in a priesthood of all believers and those who favoured an alliance with some established forces in order to obtain a greater chance of their ideas being generally accepted, albeit in a watered down form. The Inquisition, despite claims to certain beliefs (a major criticism of the old church was its confusion and fusion of Curia secular interest with church interest, the latter being by their own definition totally incompatible with secular aims and values) entered into a period of brutal assertion of authority and provocation. Even the employees in the Vatican were startled by the venom of the assault. The uninvolved were left ignorant of the true facts by the Curia's control of the information sources. Gradually this restriction and persecution lead to a stagnation of ideas and culture, and the brilliant lights who dared state new theories were suppressed, even those who conceived that the life of man should not orbit around money and success, but that they should orbit round man. W(»uld the church be destroyed by these new philosophies ........? Read our next issue ! The pivotal decision, made by the United States and by the Soviet Union is the monstrous one, as Lewis Mumford has put it, of trying " to solve the problem of absolute power, presented by nuclear weapons, by concentrating their natural resources upon instruments of genocide". The spokesmen of each side say they know that war is obsolete as a means of any policy save mutual annihilation, yet they search for peace by military means and in doing so, they succeed in accumulating ever new perils. Moreover, they have obscured this fact by their dogmatic adherence to violence as the only way of doing away with violence. C. Wright Mills in his " A Pagan Sermon to the Christian Clergy " An artist firstborn Is always a tribune, In him the spirit of overturning, And rebellion — eternal. Vozneseensky (translated by H. Marshall) EVERY REVOLUTION BEGINS WITH THE REFORM OF THE BRITISH RAIL IS GOING PLACES FJkSl Go w/ffi them! Have a talk with the senior railway manager when he visits your University. He can offer careers in management, research, planning, finance, engineering, and estate work. Or, write fo: Director of Management Development, BRITISH RAILWAYS BOARD, 222 Marylebone Road, London NWI or to the Secretary of your University Appointments Board. STOP PRESS A loan was approved by the government today for an underdeveloped area. Believed to be called Adams Brain the district has been suffering from a drainage of essential resources and structural undermining. Part of the generally poor area (Authority) this particular section is not expected to survive if closures go on at the present rate. used textbooks bought for the highest prices For a really good offer ask to see Brian Simmons THE ECONOMISTS' BOOKSHOP Clare Market, Portugal Street, WC2 LONDON SQUATTERS CAMPAIGN want to help? (undergrad. pigeonholes) Contact D. GAIRN BEAVER January 29th, 1969 KARL MICAWBER "Marx's contemjwries in London were the originals of Mealy Potatoes, the Artful ledger, Bill and Nancy . . . this was the 'whole rabble of Soho' of which he complained to Engels, that gathered to jeer and scream at the evictcd Marx family. Indeed, there is a resemblance between the Micawbers and the Marxes; the 'declasse intellectual' who had failed to go on from being a student to becoming a professional man, and had to live with the 'submerged tenth', having no labour power to sell, has become a subsequendy well known figure. In Marx's case too, while he was waiting for something to turn up', Frau Marx — like Mrs Micawber sighing for her family—went out to pawn the family Stu-artcrested spons. It was the Micawber attitude that determined Marx in his harsh stricture upon the 'lumpen-proletariat' . . . ." Ezra Brett Mell in " The Iruth About the Honnot Gang LISTEN LEARN UNFOLDING GOTHIC When Asked To Identify Y^oiirself-Answer With Qiiestioni!$! Mankind's dialogue has just come to an end. And naturally a man with whom one cannot reason is a man to be feared. The result is that — besides those who have not spoken out because they thought it useless — a vast conspiracy of silence has spread all about us, a conspiracy accepted by those who are frightened and who rationalise their fears in order to hide them from themselves, a conspiracy fostered by those whose interest it is to do so. "You shouldn't talk about the Russian culture purge it helps reaction". " Don't mention the Anglo-American support of Franco — it encourages communism." Fear is certainly a technique. What with the general fear of war now being prepared by all nations and the specific fear of murderous ideologies, who can deny that we live in a state of terror? We live in terror because persuasion is no longer possible; because man has been wholly submerged in History; because he can no longer tap that part of his nature, as real as the historical part, which he recaptures in contemplating the beauty of nature and of human faces; because we live in a world of abstractions, of bureaus and machines, of absolute ideas and crude messianism. We suffocate among people who A CAREER in the SERVICE OF CHILDREN AND YOUNG PEOPLE The Child Care Service, including residential po$u such as those in approved schools, offers careers for men and women which are satisfying and worthwhile. It should appeal particular!/ to those who are looking for a career in which their concern for children can be expressed in a service of considerable importance to the community. Child Care Officers, most of whom are employed in the childrens departments of local authorities, are appointed for the purpose of helping families who are encountering difficult circumstances in order that the children may continue to live at home; when this does not prove possible they ensure that individual plans are made for the care of the children and try by advice, guidance and assistance to strengthen family life; they make enquiries whenever a loal authority receives information suggesting a child is in need of care or protection and if it is impossible for them to remain at home make arrangements for placing them either in a foster home or in a children's home as may seem best in each particular case. Training Courses qualifying for the work of a child care officer are provided at a number of universities, including this one. These include post-graduate general courses, social casework and special courses in child care. For the one-year courses beginning in October each year most university qualifications in social science are a sufficient academic qualification. There are courses of seventeen months and two-years specially dsigned for graduates in subjects other than social science. More applications from men would be welcomed. The minimum salary on appointment by a local authority as a child care officer after training Is £1,095 rising to £1,485. There are opportunities for advancement beyond this point. Housemasters and Housemistresses are required for challenging work in APPROVED SCHOOLS. The primary concern of these staff is the welfare, social re-education and liesure activities of the boys and girls in their charge. Graduates are eligible for appointment on scales rising to £1.070. There are also opportunities for QUALIFIED TEACHERS AND INSTRUCTORS in a wide range of subjects. Graduates can apply, after suitable experience, for one year university courses of training to improve their qualification for posts in approved schools. Write to Secretary, Central Training Council, in Child Care (X13), Horse-ferry House,Dean Ryle Street, London S.W.I. think they are absolutely right, whether in their machines or in their ideas. And for all who can live only in an atmosphere of human diologue and sociability, this silence is the end of the world. To emerge from this terror, we must be able to reflect and to act accordingly. But an atmosphere of terror hardly encourages reflection. I believe, however, that instead of simply blaming everything on this fear, we should consider it as one of the basic factors in the situation, and try to do something about it. No task is more important. For it involves the fate of a considerable number of Europeans wlio, fed up with the lies and violence, deceived in their dearest hopes and repelled by the idea of killing their fellow men in order to convince them, likewise repudiate the idea of themselves being convinced in that way. And yet such is the alternative that at present confronts so many of us in Europe who arc not of any party—or ill at ease in the party we have chosen— who doubt socialism has been realised in Russia or liberalism in America, who grant each side the right to allirm its truth but refuse it the right to impose it by murder, individual or collective. Among the powerful of today, these are the men without a kingdom. Their viewpoint will not be recognised (and 1 say ' recognised ', not ' triumph ') nor will they recover their kingdom until they come to know precisely what they want and proclaim it directly and boldly enough to make their words a stimulus to action. And if an atmosphere of fear does not encourage accurate thinking, then they must first of all come to terms with fear. To come to terms, one must understand what fear means; what it implies and what it rejects. It implies and reject the same fact: a world where murder is legitimate, and where human life is considered trifling. This is the great political question of our times, and before dealing with other issues, one must take a position on it. Before anything can be done, two questions must be put: "Do you, or do you not, directly or indirectly, want to be killed or assaulted? Do you or do you not, directly or indirectly want to kill or assault?" All who say No to both these questions are automatically committed to a series of consequences which must modify their way of solving the problem. Albert Camus part of Neither Victims Nor Executioners ' POLITICS' magazine. 1947 It is not generally known that the outside stonework of We.stminster is mainly 18th and 19th century renovation and that the two distinctive towers that top the front of the Abbey arc early 18th century additions by llawkesmoor, Sir Christopher Wren's pupil and trainee. This development of the abbey which makes it a more intimate ' alive' church compared to its architecturally static (or relatively so) sister .seats of bishops, also tends to allow the presence of the Hou.ses of Parliament without century's first ' ofTicial' attempt at architectural romanticism foIlowinK in the wake of the follies and ruins that were built in so many estates, at Strawberry Hill Horace Wal-pole's individualistic development and the novels of Sir Walter Scott, when the old Houses were burnt down a competition was announced for the new buildinK. The design was to be Elizabethan (a la Hampton Court) or Gothic (the first formal recognition of the 'new' style). Certain stipulations limited the basic plan View of Westminster too great a clash of styles. To have Barry's essentially classic building, with Gothic decoration, next to a true Gothic structure would be, to say the least, upsetting. As it is the west side of Parliament Square is a good concise history of tlie development of the Gothic style in Britain. From the early Saxon basis (though strongly French in influence) through the Norman and early medieval periods the building gradually developed towards the wholly English Perpendicular style and the great technical prowess reached in vaulting, shown at its best in the Henry VII chapel, built whilst Italy was returning to the classic mould which only really reached p;ngland during the reign of James I discovering its truly English expression in St. Paul's. Externally the abbey escaped any Tudor or Jacobean changes thus being ready for the attention of Hawkesmoor in an age when Gothic was regarded as an uncivili-sed manifestation of barbarism and mystic paganism, although strangely it was acceptable throughout the classical period in lesser church architecture. The architect limited his natural inclinations in order to make the towers merge pleasantly with their more ancient base. However the cla.s-sic .schooling is evident in several respects, not the least being the related proportions of the towers to the main structure with no truly romantic extravagance. Even decoration is kept to a minimum. When the medieval stones began to crumble and decay piecemeal repairs were done with one major overhaul in the date 18th century and a far more thorough one at the beginning of the new-Gothic revival, evidence of which consists of most of the lower exterior. The Gothic of the Houses of Parliament is the nineteenth including Wellingtons insistence that the building be on the river to facilitate speedy retreats from the revolting plebs, and Barry, primarily a classically orientated designer, produced an entry that was in its outline classical but in its primary structural decoration late Gothic and in its secondary decoration wholly Gothic. For this authentic reproduction of the .style Barry enlisted the help of Augustus Welby Pugin, a fanatical Otholic and medie-vali.st. Pugin was the leading disciple of the Gothic revival and one of the few architects with Street, who understood its tenets. His life was a recreation of medieval life as he believed it to have been and he devoted all his time to studying Gothic designs. To what extent he really designed the Houses is a long debated mystery as Barry destroyed the original plans, but it is probable all l)ut the engineering basis of the buildings was of his pen right down to the inkwells. After the Houses were completed Gothic was established as the major style (G. E. Sheets Law Courts in the Strand, Scott's St. Pancras, Prudential Building in High Holborn, Waterhouses Natural History Museum) taking over from the Classical represented by the Bank of England, Koyal Exchange, British Museum, National Gallery, etc. As an ecclesiastical style it remained predominant and the still uncompleted Liverpool Cathedral (C. of E.) is Gothic being designed by Scott's grandson, though by 1920 the style had lapsed. Secularly the revival only got under way in the 1850's and Gothic influences with gabled semi - detached suburban homes until the late 1950's, perhaps even later. This is not to say that these styles were absolute. Cla.ssic designs continued to be con-.structed (Albert Hall, Alexander Thomson in Scotland Brompton Oratory) especially in the Midlands but overall Gothic was the major style until the influence of the Third Republic, Germany and primitive cultures began to be a.ssi-milated rule or culture. Classified DON'T SMELL LIKE A PAN.SY! Bottles of HE-MAN sweat 3/6. Box 110. FREEDOM (6d weekly) and Anarchy (2/- monthly) for perceptive and enquiring people. Available on bookstall 3rd floor Old Building Fridays, or from 84a White-chapel High St., EC4. WANTED. Douglas DC4 Bomber; body and wings only. Box 72. LEFT-HAND toothbrush required. Would collect. Whyte-Thomas KEN 5565. IMMACULATE 4 cylinder engincd pram: overdrive, heater, disc brakes, radio, fit-led with rattle. Box 7. BACK copies of the incredible BEAVER, free. Room SI 16. SPflPiE-PfiPiT SUPiGEPiV by Donald Longmore "States tlie ethical case for transplant operations in terms,that may become classic." (The Times) mflNAGEmENT SCIENCE by Stafford Beer "Stafford Beer is one of the most influential of our scientific Gurus... this book can be unreservedly recommended...." (Financial Times) Each volume contains 192 pages and approximately 100 diagrams and photographs, about half of which are in colour. Hard cover edition 22s. 6d. Soft cover edition 16s. ALDUS BOOKS LIMITED LONDON W.I. January 29th, 1969 BEAVER 7 ' The Pre-Condition of a Free Press is the Aholition of Advertising'' Personality Of The Weeic John Perry is perhaps the ideal social man. The one we should all model ourselves on. Completely without ideas of his own he is a born con-former. Unkind critics say he blows with the wind. He is a stabilizer. Not only does he always join the winning side, he tries to lead it. A politician with a future. One of the best jokes at the lime of the last Council elections was the seriousness with which the candidates took themselves. Perry was the most extreme of these. As readers will remember, we published the photographs of each of the contestants (sic), and the manifestos of the would-be Deputy Presidents. All of the candidates came in once, with their photo and manifesto. All except Perry. He came in THREE times to check we weren't going to use an old picture of him; TWICE to see if we had arranged a photo session for him; and FIVE times to see the final photo. He was the only candidate to come back to check we had printed his manifesto word-perfect. As it happened we had had to cut those of the D-P candidates by about a fifth. Perry flew into a rage, and rushed the shorter version off to the bar to confer with the people who had originally written it for him ! Last Thursday afternoon, Keohane promised Union that there would be an Emergency Meeting on Friday. In the evening Council met to verify this. In view of the feeling of the Union, and Keohane's pledge, most of them realised they had no choice. But Perry was one of the two who voted against a meeting "on Friday. Yet at the meeting the next day, he spoke against further negotiations, that is, for the Soc.Soc. line. When the vote eventually went FOR direct action. Perry rushed off and told Keohane that they must both resign. Keohane agreed and did. Perry did not. He was now Number One. He could appoint new Council members. Prove his leadership qualities. Many of the Soc.Soc. have already appreciated the greatness of this fine non-individual. To be continued. RUMOURS? The new School buildings are taking shape (see plan below) and rumours of an alarming nature have been reaching this oflice. It is said that there are to be electronically - controlled steel gates fitted into each end of each corridor, and .some of the rooms, including the proposed coffee bar, will have cameras and bugging devices in them. CAREERS This term most of the third years and many of the graduates will be tempted with the piosoned fruits of the Companies who recruit here. The prospects they offer to the would-be manipulator are attractive. The State needs dedicated slave-drivers and is willing to pay for them. But before you begin your next few years' rationalisations of your position in the system, consider whether hierarchy and management arc really as necessary in industry as is made out. Consider, for instance, the chaos which results in any industry when men go on a work to rule. When the pious regulations of the employees arc obeyed the firm falls to pieces! And consider also a recurring cause of strikes, especially in the building trades — safety regulations. Conditions in industry have been made, and are being made, lit for people to work in BY THOSE ON THE .FOB. Initiatives on these matters rarely originate with the management. If industry runs efficiently it is because those at the bottom, those on the job at hand, adjust paper arrangments to fit reality, either cutting out or attempting to add rules. Management will continue for some time, and you may join it. Take the money by all means, but don't kid yourself that you're any use to society. U^. HOL&ORM H PeoflLSEfiWTi^ Originally, newspaper advertising was a liberating force because it made editors free from aristocratic patrons. That was 150 years ago. Today however advertising is one of the leading blocks to the free flow of information which is an essential of a participatory democracy. Many national newspapers, often with substantial circulations, have gone bankrupt because of "left-wing", but barely radical, tendencies — the Sunday Citizen, Daily Herald, etc. And although the Evening News has a larger circulation than the Standard, it loses money, whereas the latter shows a profit because of greater advertising revenue, gained through its association with the Express (whereas the News is part of the smaller Mail combine). An evening paper not attached to any of the existing empires would of course be a non-starter. And student papers have similar troubles. Three advertising agencies in the country control all of the student publications. Two of them put out their own national student papers (Student Life and New Student), which gives them interests in conflict with the college papers they have exclusive contracts with. The agents have a stranglehold over student papers, and can cut revenue from the amount needed for survival to exertmely low figures. They cannot lose by this because they have so many other papers on their books to switch adverts to. They can do this for personal or political reasons. The position now is not one of student papers existing for expression and news and paid for by advertisements; rather, the papers have become purely an advertising media, with the news and articles incidental and supplementary. If the latter falls out of line the advertising stops — the media is no longer of use to it. It is ridiculous that such pressures should exist, and inexcusable that we should let them continue to exist in our own publications when we are fighting for control in other spheres of University life. The alternatives are all difficult, but we must start thinking about them seriously. They come in three categories : 1 The charge must go up from tlie usual 3d., 4d., or 6d. At present sales revenue is at best one fifth of the cost of the paper. 2 Subsidies from tlie Union must be increased. At present Beaver receives about 40 per cent of its revenue from the Union, and it was proposed last term that this should be halved. 3 The most interesting alternative — new forms of communication. The whole idea of ONE paper in the University, produced by at most about a dozen people, is probably dated. Perhaps everyone should have access to a Union lithograph machine, or perhaps we need wall newspapers. Any ideas? PARTY TIME Look at an ad. Any ad. Is it honest? What kind of appeal does it make? Docs it have overtones or undertones that stimulate notions that the product can't possibly fulfil? Is it designed to lead you on to understanding, or to block off understanding? Does it protect by implication some socio/economic interest? Does it suggest some people are better than others? Does it stimulate sexual desire? Make ad. analysis into a game for you and your friends. Try an ad. analysis at the breakfast table each morning. Devise a score table. Make a board and play it with dice. Find out where the appeals are, and if they are illogical you would have begun the process of protecting yourself from one of the most tragic diseases of our world. BEAVER January 29th, 1969 BACK TO THIS? Adams writes BEAV WISDOM n p Lively and > ^ I readable "" President's PRO tc\ tt/i No. 80 its- < LLI Thursday Februa^ 15th 1968 FIZZLING FLOP te---* VbI ~ Q. Printed by F. Bailey A Son Ltd.. Durdcy. Glo«.